Echocardiologist in Kattigenahal bangalore Pulmonary hypertension Treatment of pulmonary hypertension that is secondary to an underlying respiratory or cardiac condition begins with an attempt to optimise treatment or fix the underling condition. 1 COPD: bronchodilators, steroids, continuous oxygen. 2 Pulmonary fibrosis: oxygen. Aggressive treatment of an underlying connective tissue disease may halt or slow progression of the pulmonary pressures. 3 Pulmonary embolus: anticoagulation, vena caval filter and occasionally pulmonary embolectomy. 4 Mitral stenosis: valvotomy or replacement. 5 Mitral regurgitation: repair or replacement if left ventricular function remains reasonable. 6 Atrial septal defect: surgery or, if suitable, closure in the catheter laboratory, for example with an Amplatzer closure device. There must be evidence of reversibility of the pulmonary pressure if it is nearly as high as systemic pressure, otherwise closure will not improve the prognosis. Eisenmenger’s syndrome: repair of the defect responsible for the shunt is not usually possible once reversal of shunting has occurred. Consider heart and lung transplant if conservative treatment (diuretics, digoxin and sometimes ACE inhibitors) has failed