Diabetologists in Bangalore international airport Diabetes Type 1 and type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (Table 1.12) are associated with an increased risk of coronary disease, peripheral vascular disease and cerebrovascular disease.21 Diabetics have a two- to threefold risk of coronary disease at all ages and those with IGT have a 1.5-fold risk. Diabetes is a stronger risk factor for women (3.3 times) than for men (1.9 times). The excess risk for type 1 patients is largely confined to those with diabetic renal disease. All type 2 patients are at increased risk.22 Diabetes is thought to increase coronary heart disease because: n increased insulin levels result in increased hepatic synthesis of LDL and triglycerides, causing a mixed dyslipidaemia n insulin resistance, which is characteristic of type 2 diabetes, is associated with numerous other cardiovascular risk factors: dyslipidaemia, hypertension, endothelial dysfunction and microalbuminuria n hyperglycaemia itself may cause endothelial damage n glycosylated LDL may be more atherogenic than non-glycosylated LDL.