Diabetes clinics in yelahanka Bangalore • Effects of maternal diabetes on pregnancy • Need for preconception care • Increased congenital malformations • Increased risk of miscarriage and late intrauterine death • Need for regular surveillance and ultrasound monitoring • Increased risk of pre - eclampsia • Macrosomia and consequent diffi cult delivery • Increased early delivery and caesarean section rate • Increased perinatal mortality rate.